The Anti-Slavery Movement of the Early Twentieth Century Essay - 1

The Anti-Slavery Movement of the Early Twentieth Century - Essay Example Three such famous works are the â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail†, â€Å"The Ballot or the Bullet†, and â€Å"Race and Identity in America† by Martin Luther King, Malcolm X, and Glenn C. Loury respectively. While they all worked for gaining Civilian Rights for the Blacks, they are largely different in their approach and methods. This paper looks into the possible similarities and the evident differences and their relevance to their leaders. In the first place, there is an interesting comparison between the â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† and â€Å"The Ballot or the Bullet† in terms of the underlying beliefs that drive the movement led by the two different leaders of the time. They show an acute connection between the two authors: Martin Luther King and Malcolm x: both were religious leaders and thinkers and so were the philosophies of their civil disobedience movements. Both of them agree that God is the supreme justice and that any person born on earth is entitled to personal dignity and worth, which is God-given. Both converge in yet another idea about human rights. They feel that it is something to be claimed as they feel that they are not just human-rights but are God-given. Both of them considered that the black should be given the right to vote and that politics is to be used to a certain extent up until it helps realize a moral end. However, they differ in a few areas. There are strong disagreeme nts between them on the concept of non-violence. Letter from Birmingham Jail by Martin Luther King is a response to the charges against his non-violent movement or retaliation. The local clergymen had charged his actions as extremism, as one that is not to be continued rather stopped immediately.  

Finance and Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Finance and Accounting - Essay Example Return on Capital Employed EBIT/ Shareholders funds + LT Liabilities EBIT $ 13,302 $ 11,876 Capital employed $ 69,326 $ 66,864 ROCE = 19% 18% Net Margin Net Income/ Net Sales Net Income $ 9,197 $ 8,081 Net Sales $ 98,458 $ 91,115 Net Margin 9% 9% Gross Margin Gross Profit / Net Sales Gross Profit $ 57,745 $ 53,198 Gross margin = 58.6% 58.4% Finance and Accounting P 4 Overheads as % of Turnover Distribution & Admin (Excl amortization of Goodwill) Distribution $ 8,244 $ 7,402 Marketing & Admin $ 34,465 $ 32,421 Total Overheads $ 42,709 $ 39,823 Turnover $ 101,805 $ 102,718 Overheads as % of Turnover 42% 39% Distribution as % of Turnover 8% 7% Marketing & Admin as % Turnover 34% 32% Turnover / Capital Employed 1.47 1.54 Turnover / Fixed Assets Fixed assets $ 20,230 $ 18,990 Turnover / Fixed Assets 5.03 5.41 Turnover / Net current Assets Net Current Assets $ 35,305 $ 41,765 Turnover / Net current Assets 2.88 2.46 Turnover / Stock $ 5,926 $ 5,926 stock Finance and Accounting P 5 Turnover / Stock 17.18 17.33 Current Ratio Current Assets $ 35,305 $ 41,765 Current Liabilities $ 32,479 $ 35,854 Current Ratio 1.09 1.16 Acid Test current assets less stock/ c liabilities...The ratios as computed showed that these are the financial indicators distilling the relevant information with regards to the entity of business by quantifying the relationship among the selected items appearing on the financial statement. The ratios of the entity may also be compared with the different ratios of a different period and to the industry's ratios. These comparative analyses shown below were able to identify the trends that may be very significant with the investors, the lenders and at the same time other parties who are very interested. The profitability ratios of both companies are for purposes of measuring the income in relation to some base and the more general is due to profit wherein these are the results of many factors such as the operating decisions, the leverage and the other considerations necessary for both companies. The liquidity ratio or simply the solvency Both companies have shown that they are good indicators in terms of current ratio because as compared with the last year's performance, both companies are doing very well. These ratios are designed for the purpose of highlighting the relationships considered to be meaningful between those financial data.

Produce a written analysis of learning theory related to planning, Essay

Produce a written analysis of learning theory related to planning, preparation, delivery and asessment of your teaching and learning programmes - Essay Example Our lives could be very complicated if we were unable to learn because it would mean that we would not be adequately available to our society. We would sit as vegetables or empty shells alone in some dark room because we would not know that there was anything else. We would simply sit because there was nothing to show us that there was more to life than what we were doing at that time. Because learning seems to be a complicated situation we as humans have identified that we need to understand what learning is all about and how it affects us and the world around us. We also want to know how it affects people on a global level. Since learning is so important to everything we do it is important to analyze learning theory to see why it relates to how we as teachers cerate learning programs. Early learning theorist had their basis in both education and psychology. Many psychologists studied learning and influenced the field. The first learning theorist that comes to mind is Jean Piaget. Piaget spent his time with very young children and decided that children did not think like adults but that they had their own thought processes that had their own order and logic (Papert, 1999, p. 1). Although he later created his four stages of development his real interest was in epistemology. The theory of knowledge was interesting to him so he studied extensively it from a scientific standpoint (Papert, p. 3). According to Papert, a former student of Piagets: The core of Piaget is his belief that looking carefully at how knowledge develops in children will elucidate the nature of knowledge in general. Whether this has in fact led to deeper understanding remains, like everything about Piaget, controversial. In the past decade Piaget has been vigorously challenged by the current fashion of viewing knowledge as an intrinsic property of the brain. (Papert, p. 3). The Behaviourists and in particular B.F. Skinner

FDT 2 week 8 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

FDT 2 week 8 - Essay Example Specifically, the article is quite not clear about its main thesis, especially when it says that the human trafficking and smuggling are heinous crimes against the humanity. It should be appealing if the author was able to include on what ground do these crimes violate or interfere the promulgation of the international law. It might be necessary to present at some point the international laws relevant to telling that human trafficking and smuggling aside from posing risks to people also violate the law. The thought linked to this should have made the point clearer as to the issue and on the ground that human trafficking or smuggling are crimes against the humanity. On the other hand, the author basically presented some reasoning about the danger or threats linked to human trafficking and smuggling activities. However, this point should have rich supporting details in order to make the entire argument smooth and vibrant in its general

Should Gay Marriage Be Legal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Should Gay Marriage Be Legal - Essay Example Having a different sexual orientation does not make homosexuals outcasts and they have every right to exercise their freedom even if the freedom means marrying the same gender. Gay marriages do not pose any sort of threat to the states or the society so it is not at all correct to assume it as a social vice. The issue should be looked at with an open mind and in a broader perspective. Gays would not change their sexual orientation if the gay marriages are not legalized. However legalization would allow them to enjoy the same rights as the others without the fear of humiliation or disgrace from the general public. They would enjoy the same respect and recognition from the community which is gained by the straight couples. Previously the laws defined in a country were according to the religion that was being followed there with little regard for the minorities. However we now live in an era where laws are constituted keeping in mind the public interest and sanctity of their rights. Therefore if the states are advocates of freedom then this freedom should also be extended towards gays since they are equal members of the society. The opinion of the states should be taken into account but it should only be under the discretion of the government whether to allow or disallow legalization of gay marriages because leaving it onto the states would only promote discord and disunity. Not granting equal rights to the gay community is another example of discrimination that has tainted the human history for so many years. The argument that is proposed by its opponents is of immorality and that the gay couples can live together privately without marrying but this attitude only tends to force them into social isolation. It also forces the gay couple to explain their relationship continuously to the general public which makes them feel embarrassed, stopping them from active social

Discuss the role of the motor cortex in movement. 1500 Words Essay

Discuss the role of the motor cortex in movement. 1500 Words - Essay Example The motor cortex plans voluntary actions – it helps in initiating, planning, controlling and maintaining voluntary movement of skeletal muscles, coordinates sequences of movements and relay commands to the appropriate sets of lower motor neurons to execute the desired actions. Diseases or traumas on this part of the brain have adverse effects on the patient. Presently, such diseases include Apraxia, which causes an inability to initiate purposeful learned movement in response to external commands despite the ability and desire to perform the movement, and Parkinson’s and Huntington’s disease – characterized by loss of the ability to initiate movement or stop it once initiated plus the occurrence of uncontrollable movement. Modern man, Homo sapiens, has an average cranial capacity of 1350cc far more than all his other earlier ancestors. This increased cranial capacity is credited for his higher intellectual ability over other animals and primates. The brain serves many functions in the body, from thought to emotions, waking and sleeping, respiration, memory, controlling actions just to mention but a few and can thus be considered as the central control for the whole body. Like all other living things, man also moves around in search for food, flight from danger or for pleasure. Movement is a function of muscular flexion and extension all which are under the control of the brain – except for reflexive movements, which are controlled by the spinal cord and mainly help maintain posture and balance without involving the conscious mind. The brain is divided into six main parts; the cerebral hemispheres, hypothalamus, thalamus, cerebellum and the brain stem – mid brain, pons and medulla oblongata, each of which has its different functions (Marieb, 2000). The cerebellum contains a region known as the motor cortex in the precentral gyrus that helps in initiating, planning and controlling voluntary movement of skeletal muscles. The motor cortex is further

Critically analyse the MTV event in the Reid Essay Example for Free

Critically analyse the MTV event in the Reid Essay This essay will analyse the MTV event in the Reid (2003) case study. And suggest how improvements to the organisation and management of this event could have been made. We will look at how the event was organized and with whom in mind. We will also look into how the management of the event was carried out and try to come up with improvements which both the MTV and Scotland might benefit from in future. All event have a direct social and cultural impact on their participants, and sometimes on their wider host communities, as outlined by Hall (1997) and Getz (2005). According to Sharron and Perry (2004) there are various attribute to special events, these characteristics are that they are unique, intangible, have a fixed time scale, and labour intensive among others. This characteristic is what makes an event into a special event. A special event recognises a unique moment in time with ceremony and ritual to satisfy specific needs, Goldblatt (2001). And in the case of MTV it was there 10th European Music award and they wanted to create an event which would mark a milestone and show its critics and competition that they are still the big boys and market leader when it comes to the music industry. MTV Networks operates a leading portfolio of cable TV channels; they also have music video networks MTV, VH1, and CMT. MTV Networks International oversees more than 120 channels worldwide and distributes content online, and produces video games through MTV Games. MTV decided to have their 10th European music award ceremony in Edinburgh. Allen, (2000) suggests that there are various type of event, for MTV this is/was a special event, as it’s for the music industry only and it recognises the music industries contribution, with access to public and media. MTV’s biggest stakeholders are its shareholders and its customers, of course there are others, and MTV need keeps an up to date with what its customers wants. MTV wanted a start stuck event where they will celebrate the 10th ceremony, create a lot of buzz and excitement and hope to gain new customers in the process. While Edinburgh and the Scottish government wanted to use MTV to reimage Scotland. And show the world what it has to offer, creating a feeling amongst viewers that it is a dynamic, vibrant, historical city. With the councils wish to make Edinburgh the most prosperous northern city by 2015. According to an article published in Event Magazine (2007), public events are increasingly being used around the world as promotional tools by cities, to increase the city’s image. Hughes (1999) suggests that public officials must market the city as a dynamic environment, as this will attract not only tourist but also new jobs and settlers to the region. According to a report by Ofcom (2006), the telecom regulator, 16 to 24-year-olds, a key demographic group for advertisers and MTV’s core audience. And this is one of the segment that Scottish official where hopping to target though their reimage campaign to show them, why they should come to Scotland/ Edinburgh. As well as lure other older age group at the same time, educate them about Scotland and its history. For a private sector company, such as MTV, the client defines the events budget, leaving the events planner/ organiser able to spend it how they choose and therefore do not have to justify what they do with the money. In the case of public sector, local government and tourist boards, it is not just the immediate benefits that are measured post event. It is also the long-term or â€Å"flow on effects† (Bowdin et al. 2006) that benefit the community as a whole. From an every early stage there were problems between, the two parties’ objectives, desire and goals which were very different. The goals of a public and private event differ in that private companies are more often than not in pursuit of profit (Andersson and Getz, 2008). In this case one wanted to put a spectacular show to celebrate and the other wanted to use the show to reimage its self. This is because; MTV is more likely to adopt a ‘consumer orientation’ whereas ELTB might have a ‘product orientation’ approach (Andersson and Getz, 2008: 849). The event was criticized from early on by critics and local newspaper, when it was found that MTV was given a ? 750 thousand public subsidiary to part fund for shows temporary structure and also for the simultaneous live concert. This caused some tension, and the local newspaper was very critical about this, specially when the money could have been spend on other things e. g. Scotsman journalist felt that the event did very little for the Leith’s poverty, prostitution etc. These doses not help when MTV’s parent company is Viacom and according to website www. answere. com Viacom made a profit of $369 million in 2003. So giving a ? 750 thousand pound to MTV is seen as a waste of money by some; however it might have been necessary to attract MTV to Scotland and also to persuade MTV to have a simultaneous concert at a different venue. What MTV could have done is either not taken any of the money or taken a proportionally small amount just for the concert at the Princes Street Garden. This would have prevented them from receiving the backlash from the press. Or found/ made the venue bigger and incorporate a larger audience to make it a huge spectacular. Further anger was expressed by resident and newspaper when it emerged that, the event was not a live concert with thousand of ticket available and rather was a television show, rising the expecting of the local wishing to be at the show. Moreover only 50 of 6000 ticket were being sold in Edinburgh and locals had to compete with other European to pick up one of the 2000 ticket which sold out within 20 minutes. Rest were allocated to event sponsors like Vodafone Live and American Express. This obviously was a weak point for both MTV and the local government who did not communicate well with each other and in turn was late to tell the residents. Creating a buzz and anticipation during the weeks ahead of the event which lead to disappointment, Sharron and Perry (2004) suggest that there are various possible motives for attending an event, in this case it would social motives its why resident of Edinburgh would want to go to the concert and was angry when they didn’t get the ticket. This social motive involves social interaction with others, creation of community spirit, status or recognition of achievement. They were surrounded by all the hype and excitement of this event and as a community wanted to embrace this event as it was first of its kind in Edinburgh, and specially for youth generation it would have been something exciting as they would have been able to see there stars who they normally see on television. In order to avoid this kind of isappointment, both ELTB and MTV need to communicate more effectively in future, and think about this issues when they are conducting there feasibility study before making the decision to carry out such event. This will not only save time and negative press but will let the anticipated residents/ consumes know what to except. The organizer solved the problem by having the concert which have good line-ups and also a 30 sec live feed at the actually award show. They also gave 750 tickets to local charity and used 1000 local youngsters for various tasks, (Mooney Halstead, 2003). As mentioned above that MTV was given a  £750 thousand pound subsidiary, but the local council spent a further ? 75 thousand in â€Å"hidden cost† which the newspaper and opposition council were angered about as it came from the council budget. Money which was spent to window shop the town before the event so that it looks presentable to the world and dose not effect the reimaging process. This cost include extra cleansing, policing, traffic management, staffing. Further  £30 thousand used to part finance banners in the city. Moreover,  £5 thousand was spend to clean up the city centre hotel fronts in preparation of the event which according of a conservative group should have been the responsible of the Hotel. According to Watt (1999) debate that place marketing requires a â€Å"pristine environment†. So as it was the objective of the local government at that time, they would have seen it as a useful and essential cost which needs to be carried out in order to give audience the message they wanted to project to its consumes, tourists. However, MTV could have also share the cost when it came to the policing, traffic management and staffing. As this would have shown locals and press that they care about customer’s safety and also its dose not want to burden the local government with the extra costs, and it already planned for such cost in their $4. 5 million budget which gave MTV the editorial control. Local government needed to communicate with the cities Hotels, restaurant and clubs to negotiate deals, where they all put some money in to a pot which would be use for the cleaning of the city and business fronts. Public sector bodies, (ELTB) tend to look at long-term objectives when it comes to planning their events, or as Mules (1998) states â€Å"the ‘spillover effects of events’. Mules goes on to say that even if the actual event makes a loss, it still may produce benefits for local industry’s such as transportation, restaurants, hotels and local caterers or suppliers. As by doing so not only the city was benefiting from the extra trade but also the business as people are more likely to go somewhere clean then dirty. Roche (2000) remarks that mega events often physically transform an area; here we had an attempt to symbolically reconnect Edinburgh with its waterfront to aid future business prospects. The problems which occurred during this event, was mainly due to the reluctances of councils project officers not standing their ground, and communicate and consult with MTV successfully. They were happy for MTV to decide what sort of content the show should be and comply with every request, as one put it, MTV knows what they are doing. This attitude cost them both money and marketing opportunities. ELTB had to pay for slots during the show for their advertisement and spent further  £5000 writing the publication editorial bearing their logos. Local councils wish to promote a new charity promoting Arts in the city was also scrapped during the event. Even when at one point MTV said they would help to promote the charity but later changed their mind. Nonetheless if ELTB was not, bit scared, at times they would probably use MTV more and without paying them. ELTB should have bargain more with MTV when it came to this issues, specially allowing them to use the screen at the award and the concert venues to promote their reimaging project and cheaper slots during the actual award show. Though MTV did not support the charity openly and needed discussion, they did however auction pop star memorabilia at the charity launch and provided donation from MTV UK, Reid (2003). Edinburgh Leith Tourist Board, received a ward from MTV for hosting the best show in the events 10 year’s. The city was also praised by A-list celebrity who attended the award and several international news agencies for hosting excellent award ceremony. This obviously shows that government project of reimaging the city worked and they are getting noticed, while MTV produced spectacular shows which help them achieve their objective. Therefore, creating an excellent and effective event which helped all those who took part in making it reach their objective, at the same time both parties learnt for future how to deal with different clients specially that they need to communicate more effectively and learn to negotiate and convey the message if possible to their customers from an early stage. This will ensure that future event will run smoothly and successfully.